Hisory of the Crimea

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Chronology Crimea started to be settled by humans following the flood and during the glaciation of Europe. In the grottos and caves of the hills, and on the banks of the rivers, the traces of life from many generations of settlers have been found, including work tools and cult drawings. 15th - 8th cs. BC. This period is associated with the Cimmerians, belligerent nomads mentioned by Homer and in the Old Testament. 9th - 8th cs. BC. The mountain and forest tribes of the Crimea became known to the ancient world under the collective name of Tauri. 7th c. BC. In the Crimean steppe, and then later in the Crimea hills appeared, Scythians, who were militant nomads. 6th - 5th cs. BC. Foundation of the first ancient Greek colonies upon the coasts of Cherkinitide, Chersonesus, Pantikapeus and others. 4th - 3rd cs. BC. Lowering of the sea level in the north west of the Black sea brought about the formation of the Azov sea, and thus the creation of the Crimean peninsula. A series of ancient Greek colonies and Scythian strongholds appeared at the new coast. Formation of Scythia Minor with the capital in Scythian Neapol. 1st c. BC. Mithridates VI Eupator waged wars against the Roman empire. Late 3th c. AD. Scythian fortresses were stormed and seized by the Goths; the Goths-Alans tribal union was formed; Christianity started to spread in the region. Late 4th c. AD. Nearly all Crimean settlements were plundered and raised to the ground by the Huns. 527 - 565. The rule of the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I, who founded numerous fortresses on the Crimean coast. 6th - 7th cs. Formation of the south western Crimean cave towns and monasteries. 988. Seizure of Chersonese (it was situated where Sevastopol is now) by Prince Vladimir of Kiev. The union with Byzantium and christianization of Old Russia. 13th c. Venetian, and then Genoese colonization of the Crimean coast. 1239. Mongolian Khan Batyh's campaign followed by formation of the Crimean ulus of the Golden Horde in 1242, with the capital at Solkhat (now Stary Krym). 1420 - 1466. Khan Hadji Devlet Girey forms an independent Crimean Khanat (1443) with the capital at Bakhchisarai. 1475. The Ottoman Turks capture the Genoese fortresses and the principality of Theodoro; the Crimean Khanate became dependent on Turkey. The 15th - 18th cs. The Crimean Khanate's forays into Moscow and Zaporozhyskaya Sech; Cossacks' raids into Turkish strongholds and Tatar settlements; Russian military campaigns in Crimea. 1783. Annexation of Crimea by Russia. 1853-1856. The Crimean War. Russia fights against Great Britain, France, the Sardinian Kingdom and Turkey. 1918-1921. Crimea became one of the arenas of the post revolution civil war. 1941-1944. Bloody battles against the Germans during World War II. May 18, 1944. Mass deportation of the Crimean Tatars, Bulgarians, Greeks, and Gypsies, to parts of Central Asia and Siberia. Repatriation only began in 1989. February 4-11, 1945. The Crimean (Yalta) Conference between the leaders of USSR, USA and Great Britain defined the postwar arrangement of the world. 1954. Crimea became a province within the state of Ukraine. 1991. "The putsch" in Moscow and arrest of M. Gorbachev in Foros. Disintegration of the Soviet Union. Crimea becomes an autonomous republic within the Ukrainian state. Yalta becomes the summer time political capital of Ukraine and the countries of the Black Sea region.